Knee valgus as a 2D signal

Projection, not a 3D angle

Two-dimensional knee valgus is a projection of hip adduction, hip internal rotation, tibial rotation and foot pronation. It is useful as a control screen. It is not the 3D knee abduction moment from a motion-capture paper.

Cue the hip, not the knee. ‘Keep the knee out’ without hip external-rotator capacity just builds a new compensation. Pair the SLS with Z25 gluteal symmetry and a side-lying strength test in clinic.